An epidemiological study on body perception imaging and lifestyle behaviors among adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic in a rural area of West Bengal

Background: Adolescence is the intermediary linking phase from childhood to adulthood. Physical, sexual, psychological and social developmental changes during this period. Adolescence is a period of increased awareness of bodily cues and self-reflection, including evaluation of one’s own body and appearance. Body misconception and body dissatisfaction, two very important potential causative factors of bad nutritional status of adolescents, have not been adequately investigated in rural India. Aims and Objectives: The present study on adolescents was conducted to assess the lifestyle factors and degree of dissatisfaction and misconception of their body. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, and community-based cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing adolescents residing in the field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, Medical College, Kolkata, during the months of March–April, 2022. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: A total of 239 respondents were interviewed (74.1% male and 25.9% female). About 47.3% were early adolescents, 46.4% were middle adolescents, and rest 6.3% were late adolescents. About 56.5% was indulged in some kind of exercise. According to the total adolescent body image satisfaction scale score, 66.5% seemed to be satisfied with their body image. Body image dissatisfaction was associated with participants’ age, gender, socio-economic status, and type of family. Conclusion: It is evident from the study that girl children, adolescents of the lower socio-economic status group, and middle, and late adolescents are more prone to be dissatisfied with their body image. Hence, they need to be given extra focus for restoration of their mental health.

Negative affect moderates the link between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating among psychiatric outpatients in a multi-ethnic Asian setting

INTRODUCTION@#Few studies have investigated the factors that affect the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating locally. Our study aimed to investigate the moderating effects of depression and anxiety levels on the body dissatisfaction-disordered eating link in Singapore.@*METHODS@#A total of 329 participants completed a set of questionnaires that included various scales pertaining to eating behaviours, body image, psychological distress and quality of life.@*RESULTS@#Participants were diagnosed with schizophrenia (47.4%), depression (46.8%) and substance use disorders (5.8%). Moderation analyses revealed that depression (F [9, 251] = 18.50, p < 0.001, R@*CONCLUSION@#Greater effort should be dedicated to the screening of disordered eating behaviours in psychiatric outpatients presenting with greater psychological distress.

Association of body image dissatisfaction with body mass index trajectory: the Adolescent Nutritional Assessment Longitudinal Study cohort / Associação da insatisfação com a imagem corporal com a trajetória do índice de massa corporal: Estudo Longitudinal de Avaliação Nutricional de Adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective To examine the association of body image dissatisfaction (BID) with body mass index (BMI) trajectory among students from a metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Methods Data were analyzed for 809 middle school students followed from 2010 to 2013, and 1131 high school students followed from 2010 to 2012. BID was assessed using a body silhouettes scale. Type of school (public and private) was used as a proxy of socioeconomic status. Results In the middle school cohort, girls from private schools who wanted to have smaller and bigger silhouettes gained fewer BMI units than those who were satisfied with their body image ( p < 0.05). In the high school, girls from private schools who wished to have bigger and smaller silhouettes experienced greater BMI increase than girls who were satisfied with their body image ( p < 0.05). Also, in the high school cohort, boys from public schools who wished to have smaller and bigger silhouettes experienced smaller BMI increase than boys who were satisfied ( p < 0.05). Conclusion BID may be related to the BMI trajectory in girls from private schools and in boys from public schools.

RESUMO Objetivo Examinar a associação da insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IIC) com a trajetória do índice de massa corporal (IMC) entre estudantes de uma região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos Oitocentos e nove alunos do ensino fundamental foram acompanhados entre 2010 e 2013, e 1.131 alunos do ensino médio foram acompanhados de 2010 a 2012. A IIC foi avaliada por meio da escala de silhuetas corporais. O tipo de escola (pública e privada) foi utilizado como proxy do status socioeconômico. Resultados Na coorte do ensino fundamental, as meninas de escolas particulares que desejavam ter silhuetas menores e maiores ganharam menos IMC do que aquelas que estavam satisfeitas com a imagem corporal ( p < 0,05). No ensino médio, as meninas de escolas particulares que desejavam ter silhuetas menores e maiores experimentaram maior aumento do IMC do que as meninas que estavam satisfeitas ( p < 0,05). Além disso, na coorte do ensino médio, meninos de escolas públicas que desejavam ter silhuetas menores e maiores experimentaram menor aumento no IMC do que meninos que estavam satisfeitos ( p < 0,05). Conclusão A IIC pode estar relacionada à trajetória do IMC em meninas de escolas particulares e meninos de escolas públicas.

Body image and obesity in children from public primary schools in Acapulco, Mexico: A cross-sectional study / Imagen corporal y obesidad en escolares de primarias públicas en Acapulco, México: un estudio transversal

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is a global problem, causing social and psychological damage, as well as physical health risks. This study estimated the occurrence of body image dissatisfaction in primary schoolchildren aged 9-13 years and investigated its association with obesity and other factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, for which 533 students attending three public primary schools in Acapulco were recruited. Students completed a facilitated self-administered questionnaire about their age, sex, socioeconomic level, body image satisfaction, and perception of their parents’ body image. We registered anthropometry of the students and calculated body mass index (BMI). We examined the associations of BMI category and other factors with body image dissatisfaction, calculating the cluster-adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results: From the total number of participants, 75% (181/243) of girls and 73% (170/232) of boys were dissatisfied with their body image and wanted a slimmer body. About half were overweight or obese: 45% (121/271) of girls and 52% (135/262) of boys. Overweight or obese children were much more likely to be dissatisfied with their body image (cluster adjusted: 6.73; 95% CI: 5.42-8.36). No other factors were significantly associated with body image dissatisfaction. One-third of the girls (32%, 86/271) and 17% (45/261) of the boys reported an underweight desired body image. Conclusions: The high level of obesity is a cause for concern and an even higher level of body image dissatisfaction as well. The high dissatisfaction among children suggests that boys, as well as girls in Mexico, may now be subjected to intense social pressure about desirable body image.

Resumen Introducción: La obesidad infantil es un problema global que causa daños sociales, psicológicos y en la salud física. Se estimó la ocurrencia de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal en escolares de 9 a 13 años, y su asociación con la obesidad y otros factores. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 533 estudiantes de tres escuelas primarias públicas en Acapulco, México. Se aplicó un cuestionario autoadministrado sobre edad, sexo, nivel socioeconómico, satisfacción con la imagen corporal y percepción de la imagen corporal de los padres. Se midieron el peso y la talla, y se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Se examinaron las asociaciones entre el IMC y otros factores con la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal, y se calculó la razón de momios ajustada por conglomerado y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: El 75% (181/243) de niñas y el 73% (170/232) de niños estaban insatisfechos con su imagen corporal; casi todos deseaban un cuerpo más delgado. El 45% (121/271) de las niñas y el 52% (135/262) de los niños presentaba sobrepeso u obesidad, lo que se asoció con la insatisfacción con su imagen corporal (ajustado por clúster: 6.73; IC 95%: 5.42-8.36). Ningún otro factor se asoció significativamente con la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal. El 32% (86/271) de las niñas y el 17% (45/261) de los niños reportaron una imagen corporal deseada con bajo peso. Conclusiones: El alto nivel de obesidad y el mayor nivel de insatisfacción con la imagen corporal son motivo de preocupación. La insatisfacción sugiere que los niños y las niñas en México pueden verse sometidos a una fuerte presión social sobre la imagen corporal deseable.

Body Image Self-Perception and Risky Eating Behaviors in Medicine Undergraduate Students in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (2014) / Autopercepción de la imagen corporal y conductas alimentarias de riesgo en estudiantes universitarios de medicina en Xalapa, Veracruz, México (2014) / Autopercepção da imagem corporal e condutas alimentares de risco em estudantes universitários de medicina em Xalapa, Veracruz, México (2014)

Abstract Introduction: The current beauty standard is associated with thinness, a situation that alters the body perception and can lead to the development of an eating disorder. Objective: To determine the relationship between the indexes of body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion and risky eating behaviors (REB) in a university population of medicine students in Veracruz, Mexico. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, with a sample of 187 students. A register was drawn up that included the SFS-test to evaluate the body image and to estimate the indices of dissatisfaction and distortion of the body image, the Brief Questionnaire of Risky Eating Behaviors validated in Mexican population, as well as social variables. A descriptive analysis was carried out with basic measures of frequency and dispersion, bivariate and multimodal analyses were performed too. Results: 43 % were female, and the average age was 21 (± 1.7) similar in both sexes. The prevalence of high risk of REB was 8.6 %, higher in men (9.4 % versus 7.4 %) and medium risk (23.5 %) with the distribution reversed by sex (28.4 % in women and 19.8 % in men). The dissatisfaction index was 59.4 % covering those who perceived having a higher weight than they would like to have. Concerning the distortion of the own body image it was observed that 41.2 % supposed to haveing a higher weight than what resulted from the anthropometric evaluation. Discussion: Dissatisfaction rates showed a positive correlation gradient with REBs, being this more evident in men.

Resumen Introducción: el estándar de belleza actual se asocia con la delgadez, situación que puede alterar la percepción corporal y consecuentemente conducir al desarrollo de algún trastorno alimentario. Objetivo: determinar la relación de los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal y las conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), en una población universitaria de estudiantes de medicina en Veracruz, México. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico en una población de 187 estudiantes. Se elaboró una cédula que incluyó el SFS-test para evaluar la imagen corporal y estimar los índices de insatisfacción y distorsión de la imagen corporal; el Cuestionario Breve de Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo validado en población mexicana, así como variables sociales. Se realizó análisis descriptivo con medidas básicas de frecuencia y dispersión, bivariado y multimodal. Resultados: el 43 % eran mujeres y la edad promedio 21 años (±1.7) similar en ambos sexos. La prevalencia de alto riesgo de CAR fue de 8.6 %>, superior en los hombres (9.4 % frente a 7.4 %>) y del mediano riesgo 23.5 % con la distribución invertida por sexo (28.4 % en las mujeres y 19.8 % en los hombres). El índice de insatisfacción fue del 59.4 %, quienes percibieron tener mayor peso del que les gustaría tener y en la distorsión de la imagen corporal se observó que un 41.2 % suponía tener mayor peso que el arrojado por la evaluación antropométrica. Conclusión: los índices de insatisfacción mostraron gradiente de correlación positivo con las CAR, siendo más evidente en los hombres.

Resumo Introdução: o standard de beleza atual associa-se com a magreza, situação que pode alterar a percepção corporal e consequentemente conduzir ao desenvolvimento de algum transtorno alimentar. Objetivo: determinar a relação dos índices de insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal e as Condutas Alimentares de Risco (CAR), em uma população universitária de estudantes de medicina em Veracruz, México. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal analítico, em uma população de 187 estudantes. Elaborou-se uma cédula que incluiu o teste SFS para avaliar a imagem corporal e estimar os índices de insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal; o Questionário Breve de Condutas Alimentares de Risco validado em população mexicana, assim como variáveis sociais. Se realizou a análise descritiva com medidas básicas de frequência e dispersão, bivariado e multimodal. Resultados: o 43 % foram mulheres e a idade média 21 anos (±1.7) similar em ambos os sexos. A prevalência de alto risco de CAR foi de 8.6 %, superior nos homens (9.4 %> versus 7.4 %>) e do mediano risco 23.5 %> com a distribuição invertida por sexo (28.4 % nas mulheres e 19.8 % nos homens). O índice de insatisfação foi de 59.4 %, quem percebera ter maior peso do que gostaria ter, e a distorção da imagem corporal observara-se que um 41.2 %>, quem supunha ter maior peso que o obtido pela avaliação antropométrica. Conclusão: os índices de insatisfação mostraram gradiente de correlação positivo com as CAR, sendo mais evidente nos homens.

Social anxiety symptoms and body image dissatisfaction in medical students: prevalence and correlates / Sintomas de ansiedade social e insatisfação com a imagem corporal em estudantes de Medicina: prevalência e correlatos

ABSTRACT Objective Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) are common problems among college students, but few studies focused on medical students. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, severity and correlates of SAD symptoms and BID among medical students of a Brazilian public university. Methods A cross-sectional study with 479 students, using structured instruments: Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Bivariate analyses were followed by logistic regression models to obtain independent predictors of SAD symptoms, BID and both outcomes combined. Results Most students were single (99%) and female (58.7%). The prevalence rates of SAD symptoms (SPIN ≥ 19) and BID (BSQ ≥ 81) were 36.3% and 34.7%, respectively. Depressive symptoms (BDI ≥ 19) occurred in 8.8% of the sample. SAD symptoms were independently associated with: BID, thoughts of abandoning the course, difficulty making friends, depressive symptoms, and mental health treatment prior to university. Besides SAD symptoms, BID was associated with female sex, difficulty making friends, depressive symptoms, and body mass index (BMI). Seventy-eight students (16.3%) presented SAD symptoms and BID, which was associated with female sex, difficulty making friends, dissatisfaction with the course, depressive symptoms and BMI. Conclusion SAD symptoms and BID are common and related problems that should be screened for among medical students. The identification of specific correlates could contribute to the elaboration of preventive measures, minimizing the distress and negative impact of these mental health problems on relationships and academic performance.

RESUMO Objetivo O transtorno de ansiedade social (TAS) e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IIC) são problemas comuns em estudantes universitários, mas poucos estudos avaliaram estudantes de Medicina. O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência, a gravidade e os correlatos de sintomas de TAS e IIC em estudantes de Medicina de uma universidade pública brasileira. Métodos Estudo transversal com 479 estudantes utilizando os seguintes instrumentos de avaliação estruturados: Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Análises bivariadas foram seguidas de modelos de regressão logística para identificar preditores independentes de sintomas de TAS, IIC e ambos os desfechos combinados. Resultados A maioria dos estudantes era solteira (99%) e do sexo feminino (58,7%). As prevalências de sintomas de TAS (SPIN ≥ 19) e de ICC (BSQ ≥ 81) foram de 36,3% e 34,7%, respectivamente. Sintomas depressivos (BDI ≥ 19) ocorreram em 8,8% da amostra. Sintomas de TAS associaram-se de modo independente com: IIC, pensamentos de abandonar o curso, dificuldade de fazer amigos, sintomas depressivos e tratamento de saúde mental antes de ingressar na universidade. Além de sintomas de TAS, IIC associou-se com sexo feminino, dificuldade de fazer amigos, sintomas depressivos e índice de massa corporal (IMC). Setenta e oito estudantes (16,3%) apresentaram sintomas de TAS e IIC, o que se associou com sexo feminino, dificuldade de fazer amigos, insatisfação com o curso, sintomas depressivos e IMC. Conclusão Sintomas de TAS e IIC são problemas comuns e inter-relacionados que devem ser rastreados em estudantes de Medicina. A identificação de correlatos específicos pode contribuir para a elaboração de medidas preventivas minimizando o sofrimento e o impacto negativo desses problemas de saúde mental nos relacionamentos e no desempenho acadêmico desses estudantes.

Body image dissatisfaction and dietary patterns according to nutritional status in adolescents / Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e padrões alimentares de acordo com o estado nutricional em adolescentes

Abstract Objective There is a lack of data on the association between body self-perception and eating patterns in Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and eating patterns by the anthropometric status in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study of 1496 adolescents was conducted. The participants completed the Body Shape Questionnaire. Demographic, anthropometric, and socioeconomic data were collected, as well as information regarding the pubertal development and dietary intake. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the associations of interest. Results Body image dissatisfaction was identified in 19.5% of the adolescents. Three dietary patterns were identified: (1) the Western pattern was composed of sweets and sugars, soft drinks, typical dishes, pastries, fast food, beef, milk, and dairy products; (2) the Traditional pattern was composed of oils, chicken, fish, eggs, processed meat products, cereals (rice, cassava flour, pasta, etc.), baked beans, and bread; and (3) the Restrictive pattern was composed of granola, roots, vegetables, and fruit. Among overweight/obese adolescents, the data indicated a negative association of slight body image dissatisfaction (OR: 0.240 [0.100; 0.576]) and moderate body image dissatisfaction (OR: 0.235 [0.086; 0.645]) with the Western dietary pattern. Additionally, in this group, there was a positive association between high body image dissatisfaction and the Restrictive pattern (OR: 2.794 [1.178; 6.630]). Conclusion Amongst overweight/obese adolescents, those with slight and moderate body image dissatisfaction were less likely to follow a Western-like dietary pattern when compared with those satisfied with their body image. Additionally, in this group, adolescents with high body image dissatisfaction was more likely to follow a restrictive pattern.

Resumo Objetivo Há poucos dados sobre a associação entre autopercepção corporal e padrões alimentares no Brasil. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo explorar a relação entre insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IIC) e padrões alimentares de acordo com o estado antropométrico em adolescentes. Métodos Um estudo transversal com 1.496 adolescentes foi conduzido. Os participantes preencheram o Questionário de Imagem Corporal. Dados demográficos, antropométricos e socioeconômicos foram coletados, bem como informações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento puberal e ao consumo alimentar. Foi feita uma regressão logística para avaliar as associações de interesse. Resultados A IIC foi identificada em 19,5% dos adolescentes. Três padrões alimentares foram identificados: (1) O padrão Ocidental, composto de doces e açúcares, refrigerantes, pratos típicos, artigos de pastelaria, fast food, carne bovina, leite e laticínios, (2) o padrão Tradicional, composto de óleos, frango, peixe, ovos, produtos de carne processada, cereais (arroz, farinha de mandioca, massas etc.), feijão cozido e pão e (3) o padrão Restritivo, composto de granola, raízes, verduras e frutas. Entre adolescentes acima do peso/obesos, os dados indicaram uma associação negativa entre IIC leve [RC = 0,240 (0,100; 0,576)] e IIC moderada [RC = 0,235 (0,086; 0,645)] e padrões alimentares ocidentais. Além disso, nesse grupo, houve uma associação positiva entre a IIC grave e o padrão Restritivo [RC = 2,794 (1,178; 6,630)]. Conclusão Entre adolescentes acima do peso/obesos, aqueles com IIC (leve e moderada) apresentaram menor probabilidade de seguir um padrão alimentar Ocidental em comparação com os satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Além disso, nesse grupo, adolescentes com IIC grave apresentaram maior probabilidade de seguir um padrão Restritivo.

Eating disorder symptomatology: Comparative study between Mexican and Canadian university women / Sintomatología de trastornos alimentarios: Estudio comparativo entre mujeres universitarias mexicanas y canadienses

Abstract The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare Mexican and Canadian university students regarding disordered eating behaviors (DEB), body thin-ideal internalization (BTHIN), and body image dissatisfaction (BID); and (2) to examine the relationship of these three variables to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). This cross-cultural study was carried out in a sample of 129 university women students aged from 18 to 25 years (M = 20.18, SD =1.59): 52% were Canadian (Moncton University [MU]) and 48% were Mexican (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo [UAEH]). The Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviors and Attitudes Towards Body Figure Questionnaire were applied while the BID was evaluated using a continuum of nine silhouettes. In addition, the weight, height and WC of each participant were recorded. Mexican students had greater values of overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity and DEB, with 4.6 times greater risk than UM students. In contrast, the presence of BTHIN and BID was similar between samples. Considering these findings, women from at least two different ethnic groups are vulnerable to the development of eating disorder symptomatology.

Resumen Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) comparar entre estudiantes universitarias mexicanas vs. canadienses respecto a conductas alimentarias de riesgo (CAR), interiorización de la figura corporal delgada (IFCD) e insatisfacción con la imagen corporal (ISC); y 2) examinar la relación de esas tres variables con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la circunferencia de cintura (CC). En este estudio transcultural participaron 129estudiantes universitarias de 18 a 25 años de edad (M = 20.18, DE =1.59): 52% canadienses (Universidad de Moncton [UM]) y 48% mexicanas (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo [UAEH]). Fueron aplicados el Cuestionario Breve para medir Conductas Alimentarias de Riesgo y el Attitudes Towards Body Figure Questionnaire, mientras que la ISC se evaluó mediante un continuo de nueve siluetas. Además se registró el peso, la talla y la CC de cada participante. Las estudiantes mexicanas registraron significativamente mayor presencia de sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad abdominal y CAR, con 4.6 veces mayor riesgo que las estudiantes de la UM. Por el contrario, la presencia de IFCD y de ISC fue similar entre las muestras. Con base en estos hallazgos se puede concluir que las mujeres de dos grupos étnicos diferentes son vulnerables al desarrollo de sintomatología de trastornos alimentarios.

A path analysis of factors influencing eating problem among young female adults / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze factors influencing eating problems among young female adults. METHODS: Participants were 193 young female adults aged 19 ~ 29 years who were recruited in August 2017. Four variables related to eating problems in young female adults, including body image dissatisfaction, self-esteem, trait anger, and depression, were measured using reliable instruments. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program and Amos 24.0 for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and path analysis. RESULTS: The mean for eating problems in young female adults was 8.99, and 9.8% of subjects were classified as high risk with eating problems. Modified model demonstrated good model fit (χ²/df 0.47, GFI 0.99, AGFI 0.99, NFI 0.99, SRMR 0.022, RMSEA 0.001). Path analysis showed that body image dissatisfaction had the greatest direct effect on eating problems. Depression did not have a direct effect on eating problems, whereas it had indirect effects on eating problems through body image dissatisfaction as the mediating factor. Self-esteem had direct effects on depression and indirect effects on eating problems through depression and body image dissatisfaction as mediating factors. Trait anger had direct effects on depression and body image dissatisfaction and indirect effects on eating problems through depression and body image dissatisfaction as mediating factors. These factors accounted for 46% of the total variance, and the fit indices of the model satisfied the criteria of fitness. CONCLUSION: The results of this study reveal the important role of body dissatisfaction and psychological factors such as self-esteem, trait anger, and depression on eating problems. These factors influencing eating problems should be considered when developing programs to improve eating problems in young female adults.

Hacia un cuerpo funcional: un abordaje novedoso a las alteraciones de la imagen corporal en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria / Towards a functional body: A novel approach to body image disturbances in eating disorders

Resumen: Objetivo: Analizar el impacto de una intervención terapéutica que facilite la utilización del cuerpo de manera funcional, con un patrón coherente de respuestas cognoscitivas, motoras y autónomas, independientemente de la satisfacción o distorsión de la imagen corporal. Método: Mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo). Veintiún mujeres con anorexia, bulimia o trastornos del comportamiento alimentario no específicos (TCANES, DSM-5) completaron el Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) y un Cuestionario de Auto-evaluación de la Imagen Corporal, antes y después de 14 sesiones. Construyeron una biografía corporal usando fotografías, organizaron su jerarquía de exposición y realizaron ejercicios de integración sensorial. Las narraciones de esas experiencias fueron registradas. Los terapeutas evaluaron las respuestas en una forma cualitativa. Resultados: El 90.47% lograron exponerse a todos los ítems de su jerarquía, el 95.23% se comportaron coherentemente, el 76.19% siguieron emitiendo la respuesta, el 95.23% tuvieron una respuesta emocional acorde y el 90.47% pensaron en disfrutar al emitir la respuesta. Se encontraron diferencias significativas pre y post en el puntaje BSQ (Chi2 16.4, p = 0.0001), pero no con relación al tipo de TCA, edad, cronicidad o IMC. Conclusión: Las técnicas de exposición enfocadas al uso funcional del cuerpo parecen construir evidencias que facilitan el cambio en las respuestas autónomas, motoras y cognoscitivas, independientemente de la distorsión o insatisfacción de la imagen corporal.

Abstract. Objective: To analyze the impact of a therapeutic intervention using the body in a functional way with a coherent response pattern (cognitive, motoric and autonomic) independently of the body image satisfaction or distortion. Method: Mixed (quantitative and qualitative). Twenty one women with AN, BN or EDNOS (DSM-V), completed the BSQ and self evaluation of body image questionnaires before and after 14 sessions, built the photographic history of their body, organized their exposure hierarchy and perform sensory integration exercises. The narratives of these experiences were registered. Therapist evaluated the responses in a qualitative way. Results: 90.47% were able to expose themselves to all items in their hierarchy, 95.23% behave in a coherent way, 76.19% continued responding in such a way, 95.23% had a coherent emotional response and 90.47% thought about experiencing pleasure when behaving in such a way. Significant differences were founded in BSQ pre and post (Chi2 16.4, P = .0001), but not in relation with ED type, age, chronicity, or BMI. Conclusion: Exposure techniques that focus on the functional use of the body seem to help construct evidences that facilitate changes in autonomic, motoric and autonomic responses, independently of body satisfaction or distortion.

Effects of Obesity, Body Image Dissatisfaction and Dietary Habits on the Risk of Disturbed Eating Attitudes among High School Students in Gyunggi Province, Korea / 대한지역사회영양학회지

Rapid shift to western dietary patterns and social drive of thinness would lead to increase the likelihood of developing eating disorders. This study was performed to analyze the associated factors between dietary pattern and self visualization in terms of body shape, which may increase the risk of disturbed eating attitudes among high school students in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2009 to 2010 for high school students including both male and female students, from 6 schools in Gyunggi Province, Korea. A total of 766 students self-reported a questionnaire, including weight control practice, perceptions of self body image and ideal body image, dietary habit, and EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26). Logistic regression analysis was used to fine the factors potentially associated with disturbed eating attitudes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS program (version 9.1). Results showed that disturbed eating attitudes were found in 8.7% of male high school students, and in 20.8% of female high school students. Experience of body weight control was reported by 56.2% of male students and by 87.3% of female students. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, obesity was independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes in male students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.90-9.71]. Body image dissatisfaction (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.37-5.62) and extended family type (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.05-6.90) were independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes, especially in female students. In conclusion, proper efforts in education for obesity and developing self-esteem to reduce the risks of disturbed eating attitudes should be implemented in high school nutrition program.